{"id":"W1489772784","doi":"10.1007/s00340-003-1115-9","title":"Lasing action in air induced by ultra-fast laser filamentation","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics B","topic":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":254,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Université Laval","keywords":"Filamentation; Lasing threshold; Materials science; Fluorescence; Quantum optics; Laser; Sapphire; Protein filament; Optics; Amplified spontaneous emission; Ion; Laser-induced fluorescence; Spontaneous emission; Atomic physics; Optoelectronics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004410007,0.0001336187,0.0001134003,0.00002939788,0.0001160106,0.00003254134,0.00006738803,0.00002816964,0.0002507497],"category_scores_gemma":[6.096155e-7,0.0001435547,0.00004361459,0.0002506234,0.00001515146,0.0001822611,0.000007163148,0.0001752022,0.0002411595],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004741283,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002263882,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001837639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009122165,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992941,0.00002040581,0.0001791686,0.0002277755,0.00009530779,0.0001832197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996156,0.00004218839,0.0000942034,0.0001850051,0.00002137813,0.00004158894],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001303263,0.0009524227,0.004534726,0.00001156558,0.00005693012,1.632257e-7,0.0005328524,0.001485469,0.8543579,0.09847435,0.004914696,0.03466588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007242878,0.00001154763,0.002030107,0.00001303401,0.00001972222,2.705277e-7,0.001277412,0.0001054855,0.9694619,0.01595565,0.01012178,0.0002788191],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9259362,9.458142e-7,0.01251846,0.00007688979,0.00008700226,0.0002616197,0.00003930174,0.00003232331,0.0610472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998782,4.553062e-7,0.0002593381,0.0001630923,0.000118273,0.0002125881,0.0002153679,0.0000212393,0.0002276472],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.115104,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.585399,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01678449284472729,"score_gpt":0.2754643163797781,"score_spread":0.2586798235350508,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}