{"id":"W1490324719","doi":"10.1002/9781118904855.ch1","title":"Introduction to Desalination","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Nalco (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Water desalination; Environmental science; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003100473,0.0001954137,0.0001682479,0.0002917027,0.00005096831,0.00003706025,0.0002363133,0.0003252472,0.013091],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002751052,0.0002019364,0.00003627302,0.0004140677,0.00006212083,0.00009363561,0.00009214555,0.0001249888,0.01841048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002303642,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000552071,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001121557,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002952706,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986805,0.00006614483,0.0002098748,0.0004807629,0.0003876781,0.000175038],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992701,0.00001550785,0.0002029357,0.0004422102,0.00001379599,0.00005545878],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003060002,0.00002031964,0.00006450725,0.00001219481,0.000005023676,3.260825e-7,0.00003593628,0.0003972841,0.001982072,0.002896357,0.9697836,0.0247993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001044953,0.00005166995,0.0007370076,0.00001471167,0.00001222917,0.00000195517,0.000007198376,0.0005200707,0.004722488,0.0005610728,0.9930345,0.0002325843],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009355619,0.00002966876,0.07769527,0.005987627,0.001361733,0.0009236961,0.00001177276,0.001829399,0.9112253],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01842519,0.00002716952,0.01268585,0.0004028716,0.001566818,0.0001335368,0.0002977855,0.0003387374,0.966122],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06500942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9878111,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00789276433928088,"score_gpt":0.2416686712093483,"score_spread":0.2337759068700675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}