{"id":"W1490324719","doi":"10.1002/9781118904855.ch1","title":"Introduction to Desalination","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Nalco (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Desalination; Water desalination; Environmental science; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001136724,0.001195054,0.0006335782,0.002541365,0.001262329,0.003597395,0.00120234,0.001480485,0.2478534],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001851074,0.0003223815,0.0005761907,0.002555904,0.0009820374,0.002961668,0.002323906,0.002142237,0.1349737],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001997038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003581733,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005094095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008954041,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998855,0.0001072046,0.00004740283,0.0001683865,0.000682035,0.0001399573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999182,0.000106539,0.00004025349,0.0001195227,0.0003945003,0.0001571066],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000457862,0.00009024719,0.0001460287,0.0003128005,0.000004158173,0.00005172516,0.00004903894,0.0004352649,0.001473591,0.04074006,0.6158505,0.3408009],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001607602,0.000007615632,0.0001300906,0.00003511968,8.442001e-7,0.00002600296,0.000009563062,0.00006698252,0.0003542184,0.003237997,0.9961265,0.000003315111],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007138305,0.007212964,0.008380186,0.003698282,0.005295546,0.0001337475,0.00160787,0.001011298,0.9719463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003412539,0.006920605,0.003520994,0.001129913,0.001024274,0.00006632483,0.001145224,0.0004045212,0.9823757],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2478534,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8291523,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00789276433928088,"score_gpt":0.2416686712093483,"score_spread":0.2337759068700675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}