{"id":"W1490779553","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stt2282","title":"The stellar IMF in early-type galaxies from a non-degenerate set of optical line indices","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; York University; Carnegie Mellon University; Office of Science; Johns Hopkins University; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Harvard University; Ohio State University; National Science Foundation; University of Washington; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; University of Arizona; Princeton University; Brookhaven National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Metallicity; Initial mass function; Galaxy; Stellar population; Stars; Population; Stellar mass; Dwarf galaxy; Line (geometry); Astronomy; Star formation","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002814312,0.0002218335,0.0003459824,0.00001620635,0.000193746,0.00008405621,0.0006754728,0.00008358066,0.000158693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001532931,0.0001433896,0.0002936879,0.0001487172,0.0004107708,0.0002221896,0.0003069178,0.0002963299,0.00003917202],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007284424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008214193,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005067692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008568896,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998399,0.00008615646,0.0006491611,0.0002301704,0.0002508802,0.0003846084],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986959,0.0002527756,0.0004309372,0.0004113305,0.0001217807,0.00008734126],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002495208,0.00007630045,0.9021056,0.000008765119,0.0001332138,7.32633e-10,0.001409795,0.09568333,0.00006337604,0.0001151392,0.0002994786,0.00008001157],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000415662,0.00005621832,0.8130926,0.00002035245,0.00003472,1.031162e-9,0.0009574087,0.1836595,0.00141832,0.0002029102,0.00002949948,0.0001128042],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987755,0.00008082169,0.00001592645,0.0003684218,0.0001962158,0.0003613185,0.00006563551,0.000009823287,0.0001263366],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979648,3.89169e-7,0.001548681,0.000001568069,0.0002770321,0.00002603729,0.00003580576,0.00001882686,0.0001268573],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08901303,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7660868,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006779844445254694,"score_gpt":0.1951301999054159,"score_spread":0.1883503554601612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}