{"id":"W1490802846","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511510762.011","title":"Banking Panics and the Origin of Central Banking","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Lender of last resort; Financial system; Monopoly; Central bank; Great Depression; Economic history; Business; Economics; Economy; Market economy; Political science; Monetary economics; Monetary policy; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005445101,0.0002942375,0.0006554161,0.0001984254,0.0002331892,0.00005491211,0.0004342502,0.0002895769,0.00002828261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004228799,0.0003240065,0.0002346091,0.00002249838,0.0006533757,0.00009364477,0.0002078291,0.0003578886,0.000003926947],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000226224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004722305,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002311305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000469576,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985035,0.00003712215,0.0004925396,0.0005598782,0.00008964405,0.0003173075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998322,0.0001598974,0.0007461032,0.0006235695,0.00008271722,0.00006576154],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003997291,0.000008800817,0.0004268523,0.00008748865,0.00008825407,0.000005334884,0.0002270644,0.00002432149,8.622908e-7,0.9981501,0.000589679,0.0003513372],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001778449,0.00003223904,0.001275432,0.0001371761,0.0001292851,0.0000115313,0.00003062905,0.001270512,0.00002783965,0.008554255,0.9861763,0.000576377],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.004689972,0.002012746,0.002179013,0.00004074298,0.0003957611,0.0004872121,0.0002891711,0.00003982748,0.9898655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2176972,0.0006474074,0.0002929983,0.00008896604,0.0001099649,0.00000100859,0.00002707602,0.00007384573,0.7810615],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9895958,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999212,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02445553422722176,"score_gpt":0.1868951994436201,"score_spread":0.1624396652163983,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}