{"id":"W1492717687","doi":"","title":"Ancillary Issues with Oakes: The Development of the Waterfield Test and the Problem of Fundamental Constitutional Theory","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Criminal Law and Evidence","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Supreme court; Test (biology); Law; Political science; Context (archaeology); Legitimacy; Balancing test; Separation of powers; Constitutional review; Law and economics; Sociology; Constitution; Politics; History","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002955989,0.00006849353,0.0001002937,0.00001203909,0.0008711063,0.0000481394,0.0003182248,0.0000277756,0.00007045055],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000687825,0.00002533018,0.00003884336,0.00008375345,0.002416879,0.0001361034,0.0000445623,0.0004027339,0.000002975609],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001144303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002251735,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005342237,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004887595,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986621,0.0001926135,0.0002020441,0.00007031856,0.0003640761,0.0005088187],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999297,0.0003409885,0.0001497859,0.00007839694,0.0001073137,0.00002647875],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005590331,0.00002787765,0.01069698,0.000008044076,0.0000622482,1.225273e-7,0.01332856,0.000003792838,0.0002385856,0.9702878,0.00008713548,0.005202955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001330397,0.0003459727,0.01581015,0.000400318,0.0001288732,0.0002518788,0.2162215,0.000008750915,0.002148947,0.7263058,0.03680076,0.0002466499],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9620286,0.005375234,0.0004420293,0.02197734,0.00006368406,0.0005135066,0.000001447468,0.000006976361,0.009591212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977574,0.000800134,0.0001628033,0.00008954541,0.00006717356,0.000009493092,1.495165e-7,0.000002488148,0.001110811],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.243982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8905093,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01029301658605322,"score_gpt":0.2509505887590399,"score_spread":0.2406575721729866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}