{"id":"W1495141907","doi":"","title":"Patents Do Not Strangle Innovation, But Their Quality Must Be Improved","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Quality (philosophy); Industrial organization; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002006749,0.000249305,0.0002295751,0.0002817331,0.0005207098,0.0003787071,0.0004150602,0.0001175652,0.0002341122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002249103,0.0001858142,0.00012433,0.0007132368,0.00004373969,0.001055112,0.00007918941,0.001409696,0.0002228793],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000415686,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005793363,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001448135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006947124,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971156,0.00002590253,0.0005731704,0.0002645172,0.0003267748,0.001694088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988582,0.00001937125,0.0003681193,0.0001980715,0.0005398143,0.00001644554],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008943207,0.0007084872,0.004461634,0.0001247709,0.0005335651,0.0000121733,0.0005421711,0.0003266728,0.04245154,0.9012893,0.0005687037,0.04808662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007895045,0.0003964297,0.006082143,0.0001579183,0.0001370959,0.0001771972,0.007024805,0.0005600982,0.007478776,0.9473597,0.02124762,0.001483115],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9851548,0.0001791742,0.007482669,0.002318924,0.0005552889,0.0002356147,0.000005434108,0.00008816317,0.003979929],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946548,0.0001227404,0.00003458958,0.003169975,0.001217208,0.000006242533,0.00003251011,0.00003755964,0.00072441],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04660351,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7577284,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09947998077334366,"score_gpt":0.2492991176637347,"score_spread":0.1498191368903911,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}