{"id":"W1495266060","doi":"10.1002/jgrd.50587","title":"Two likely stratospheric volcanic eruptions in the 1450s C.E. found in a bipolar, subannually dated 800 year ice core record","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of California, San Diego; Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor; Polar Knowledge Canada; South Dakota State University; Desert Research Institute; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Volcano; Ice core; Geology; Explosive eruption; Impact crater; Volcanism; Stratosphere; Earth science; Dendrochronology; Physical geography; Climatology; Paleontology; Magma; Geography; Astrobiology; Tectonics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002038489,0.0001538938,0.0001366431,0.001109509,0.0003797097,0.0005307989,0.000115925,0.0001878139,0.0006804729],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003657961,0.00008545807,0.0001218348,0.0006223263,0.0001986489,0.0001730336,0.0003229703,0.0001261663,0.0001682475],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002521737,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002014286,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006334544,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01733757,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999416,0.00000414799,0.00000769848,0.00001424845,0.00001368425,0.00001852751],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995854,0.00003734087,0.0001271244,0.00001856423,0.00009369713,0.0001378849],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001056363,0.00002345052,0.983982,0.00002135116,0.00003145532,0.0002519875,0.000327119,0.0001223914,0.009433227,0.0001523711,0.0003526948,0.00519616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001852408,0.00001953364,0.9985021,0.000002633024,0.000007199718,0.00005554067,0.00007309022,0.0001044839,0.0004372684,0.00001286542,0.0007819925,0.000001317627],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982195,0.0001552767,0.00008608258,0.00001119054,0.000005933057,0.000005633652,0.0005881533,0.000007254056,0.0009208775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979844,0.00006124403,0.0001619846,0.00001580149,0.00001188925,0.000004744395,0.001449286,0.00000205037,0.0003085277],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006334544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01259536,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05289032732560358,"score_gpt":0.3286032657704608,"score_spread":0.2757129384448572,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}