{"id":"W1495762684","doi":"","title":"Expropriation Under NAFTA Chapter 11 Investment Dispute Settlement Mechanism: Some Comments on the Latest Case Law","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Expropriation; Interpretation (philosophy); Ambiguity; Law; International law; Political science; Investment (military); Law and economics; Subject (documents); Common law; International investment; Choice of law; Economics; Conflict of laws; Foreign direct investment; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007670841,0.0002090074,0.0001231738,0.0001171112,0.0009604075,0.0002008851,0.0002352109,0.00004638355,0.0003057239],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000141205,0.000143509,0.0001029931,0.00009717621,0.00006387368,0.0009608134,0.00007344753,0.0005904327,0.0003602142],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004752158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001043262,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003918033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001021818,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980789,0.00002750648,0.0003367162,0.0002034456,0.0004963076,0.000857075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993681,0.00002706858,0.0002865662,0.0001736951,0.0001212995,0.00002326582],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000200077,0.0001248702,0.00006510247,0.000002778836,0.00008867301,0.00004629985,0.00003916318,0.00006924671,0.0001898576,0.9985758,0.0007542068,0.00002399318],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001042112,0.0001043394,0.0001042141,0.00002479179,0.00004425947,0.0007266455,0.0004799579,0.001988442,0.0004900164,0.9390037,0.05573425,0.0002572519],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7495511,0.0002350886,0.003156302,0.1245546,0.001927412,0.001389921,0.00001653774,0.0001745417,0.1189945],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8881077,0.0001160841,0.00002080676,0.1099129,0.0008638561,0.00002308543,0.00003209565,0.0000251867,0.0008982918],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1385565,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7386775,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02310331328176193,"score_gpt":0.2198960832331618,"score_spread":0.1967927699513999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}