{"id":"W1496336565","doi":"10.1002/9781118682760.ch07","title":"Upconversion of Ln<sup>3+</sup>‐based Nanoparticles for Optical Bio‐imaging","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Photon upconversion; Lanthanide; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Magnetic nanoparticles; Computer science; Magnetic particle imaging; Materials science; Chemistry; Physics; Optics; Ion; Laser","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001607108,0.0003611658,0.0003102986,0.0002581324,0.0002382644,0.0006600529,0.0004267594,0.0003971991,0.003516309],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001570115,0.000223944,0.0003413489,0.0002034885,0.0002199603,0.0007866575,0.000409654,0.0007585095,0.001802437],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000698658,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002085537,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002111855,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004626404,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998871,0.00001746801,0.000005288907,0.00002284103,0.00005097201,0.00001628753],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999442,0.00002616041,0.000007399959,0.000005634711,0.00001291392,0.000003691561],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000868479,0.00004705497,0.0001035458,0.0009977935,0.0000154472,0.0002939245,0.0002272306,0.001240902,0.8598439,0.02345955,0.004607792,0.1090759],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007879166,0.0001343134,0.000336165,0.0001229803,0.00002559622,0.001090593,0.00007383929,0.003828932,0.7820182,0.003143974,0.2091926,0.00002482106],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1893853,0.207803,0.4093497,0.004263717,0.002736438,0.0002762222,0.0004033868,0.002155034,0.1836273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5244188,0.1278214,0.1821751,0.003301858,0.0005379766,0.0003488807,0.0006506758,0.0008374626,0.1599079],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003516309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01176327,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01393528961507483,"score_gpt":0.2463757527660753,"score_spread":0.2324404631510005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}