{"id":"W1497817593","doi":"","title":"The Policy Challenges of Population Ageing","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Migration, Aging, and Tourism Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Population ageing; Welfare state; Citizenship; Context (archaeology); Solidarity; Demographic change; Social security; Residence; Perspective (graphical); Active ageing; Public policy; Political science; Welfare; Population; Economic growth; Sociology; Economics; Demographic economics; Older people; Gerontology; Geography; Medicine; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00374142,0.0001288795,0.0002660331,0.0002548248,0.0008044017,0.00009680639,0.0004437859,0.0002172302,0.00001227761],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001737654,0.0001145045,0.0001039342,0.0001198364,0.0004505931,0.00006715342,0.0002692471,0.0005473524,0.00000193347],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005792791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005582956,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02946979,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1570601,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977551,0.000690537,0.0004005435,0.0003556492,0.0003034674,0.000494709],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984278,0.00071927,0.0002162,0.0004330907,0.000132098,0.00007155267],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000027769,0.00009631928,0.0168369,0.0001909278,0.000152156,0.000006525141,0.2488418,0.001498306,0.000005504963,0.2479432,0.0002606471,0.4841399],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004672758,0.00006732001,0.5292279,0.0003650876,0.00001690372,8.497479e-7,0.02747048,0.0005340365,0.0000206296,0.1932914,0.2478913,0.0006468903],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6477417,0.003216716,9.687595e-7,0.004656298,0.0005139732,0.0006724537,0.000009147096,0.000029519,0.3431592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8026453,0.1943439,0.00005600995,0.00001351388,0.0004439342,0.00005599729,0.000004556086,0.00001434868,0.002422397],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.512391,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9769931,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05331359256970091,"score_gpt":0.3715848997515537,"score_spread":0.3182713071818528,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}