{"id":"W1498389001","doi":"10.60082/2817-5069.1128","title":"Normativity, Fairness, and the Problem of Factual Uncertainty","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Osgoode Hall law journal","topic":"Legal principles and applications","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Causation; Plaintiff; Normative; Appeal; Harm; Liability; Law; Law and economics; Res ipsa loquitur; Supreme court; Tort; Economic Justice; Political science; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04182989,0.0005532264,0.001568272,0.001754075,0.008353653,0.008886188,0.002303618,0.0052174,0.002126663],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04872964,0.0005242377,0.00119389,0.001694988,0.05538417,0.01438582,0.006160351,0.006208984,0.00026533],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007641993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006934214,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005626825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003494783,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9640982,0.02181944,0.001662648,0.003798193,0.006829395,0.001792145],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9501942,0.03756759,0.003470649,0.004629844,0.003109778,0.001027913],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004054832,0.000004456395,0.00009941192,0.00001090094,0.000004760804,0.00001575767,0.0003680001,0.0003582416,0.00002197816,0.9975241,0.000208413,0.00137995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003426124,0.00000214148,0.00004600601,0.0000103783,0.000001939163,0.000009125784,0.00007427093,0.000364021,0.00002333805,0.9979886,0.00147304,0.000003648405],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1058152,0.01250365,0.4371983,0.1181493,0.001510058,0.0001705259,0.0002125263,0.0001342156,0.3243062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9648708,0.001393692,0.02451664,0.00378901,0.0009149366,0.000218832,0.00003392251,0.00003708021,0.004225199],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04182989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2212203,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01457607877493286,"score_gpt":0.2852619693674804,"score_spread":0.2706858905925476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}