{"id":"W1505013928","doi":"10.1139/l09-033","title":"Mathematical modelling of shallow flows: Closure models drawn from grain-scale mechanics of sediment transport and flow hydrodynamicsThis paper is one of a selection of papers in this Special Issue in honour of Professor M. Selim Yalin (1925–2007).","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","topic":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Sediment transport; Geology; Sediment; Turbulence; Mechanics; River morphology; Flow (mathematics); Geotechnical engineering; Bedform; Scale (ratio); Geomorphology; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007090657,0.0004566986,0.0006124382,0.0006892413,0.0005161665,0.0014536,0.001039264,0.0009888828,0.001019487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003150112,0.0003900494,0.0008354703,0.0005872333,0.001452125,0.002123978,0.001346206,0.001183808,0.0002451819],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001323425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001072237,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007378199,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003553463,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997788,0.00007110082,0.0000187824,0.00003241392,0.00006961165,0.00002924391],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999129,0.0004217837,0.0002039203,0.00006598751,0.0001063732,0.00007295129],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002130549,0.00002533274,0.0008021838,0.00005131286,0.00001297249,0.0000617892,0.0001363721,0.8164706,0.001143952,0.1724643,0.0008029836,0.008006912],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004398913,0.000006456673,0.00009516131,0.000004867872,0.000002510231,0.00000838119,0.000009647914,0.9806043,0.00007436304,0.01845596,0.0007293109,0.000004642117],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05101478,0.001569345,0.9392827,0.001010177,0.0001480993,0.00007823197,0.0002469455,0.0001409168,0.00650882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9113792,0.002757733,0.07524878,0.0001755073,0.0002432765,0.0002897948,0.0002968114,0.0001499169,0.009458947],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007378199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01467049,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006815052953649159,"score_gpt":0.1735251620064419,"score_spread":0.1667101090527927,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}