{"id":"W1505171067","doi":"10.22329/il.v28i3.596","title":"Mathematical Proof and Discovery <i>Reductio ad Absurdum</i>","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Informal Logic","topic":"History and Theory of Mathematics","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Reductio ad absurdum; Epistemology; Contradiction; Interpretation (philosophy); Argument (complex analysis); Philosophy; Mathematical proof; Mathematics; Linguistics; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007232358,0.0003726483,0.0005791473,0.0001392542,0.0004329085,0.00006334109,0.0003253502,0.0002250012,0.0004736483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006799585,0.0002974587,0.0001733414,0.000159503,0.0006353518,0.0009458862,0.0001670901,0.0002784009,0.000447495],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006186763,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001007793,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.829569e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003311786,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978852,0.00006280079,0.0007682922,0.0002718529,0.0004873712,0.0005245392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984134,0.0004451074,0.0002889614,0.0005623868,0.00008615664,0.0002039529],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007898513,0.0003851345,0.00001360511,0.0006614799,0.00007325864,0.00007984851,0.005609052,0.00001135267,0.001263855,0.9843416,0.00628821,0.001193594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001139883,0.0003913716,0.0002182885,0.000208756,0.0001233934,0.002331248,0.0002979561,0.0005759069,0.001602254,0.8943183,0.09792281,0.0008698578],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7343666,0.0005846113,0.01050558,0.000197872,0.0003950194,0.000756017,0.00002983348,0.0003375176,0.2528269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9392334,0.0001101027,0.02757348,0.0002477705,0.0002422262,0.00008422972,0.00001307879,0.00006673274,0.03242899],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2203979,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999477,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03901703620317273,"score_gpt":0.2584902122041338,"score_spread":0.219473176000961,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}