{"id":"W1509769507","doi":"10.1016/s1574-0080(04)80011-7","title":"Chapter 54 Urban political economics","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Handbook of regional and urban economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Voting; Politics; Public good; Public economics; Economics; Welfare; Local government; Government (linguistics); Private good; Voting behavior; Economic system; Political economy; Political science; Public administration; Microeconomics; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001257326,0.000260053,0.0004303844,0.00007614172,0.000179511,0.00005406077,0.0001833213,0.0003814645,0.0004230252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009470544,0.0002845367,0.0001852709,0.000008178752,0.0007817683,0.0001933561,0.00005833925,0.0001458625,0.00005247826],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003779724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000350617,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002203999,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002780259,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987068,0.000008229938,0.0004280992,0.0003808697,0.0001218868,0.0003541592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991272,0.00006170097,0.0003244281,0.0001845259,0.00005430998,0.0002478482],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000357795,0.00001426181,0.000560269,0.00001855491,0.00004449613,0.000001727017,0.0004317804,0.00000963352,4.466428e-7,0.9954576,0.002354256,0.001071221],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003762948,0.00005779491,0.00009306226,0.0001836305,0.00004114669,0.000002886313,0.00004836894,0.00001747425,0.00002363737,0.2717178,0.7271438,0.0002940587],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.004028853,0.004221401,0.0001750669,0.002555704,0.0004584282,0.0004203069,0.0001766111,0.00004179312,0.9879218],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1278397,0.1154139,0.000684315,0.004325151,0.00346191,0.00001685646,0.0002293745,0.0001705099,0.7478583],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7247896,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999607,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02610780785329775,"score_gpt":0.2211944172643055,"score_spread":0.1950866094110077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}