{"id":"W1514052693","doi":"10.1080/10803548.2003.11076564","title":"Accidents are Normal and Human Error Does Not Exist: A New Look at the Creation of Occupational Safety","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics","topic":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","field":"Psychology","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Engineering Link (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Human error; Hindsight bias; Human factors and ergonomics; Perspective (graphical); Occupational safety and health; Poison control; Accident (philosophy); Root cause; Deviance (statistics); Psychology; Objectivity (philosophy); Risk analysis (engineering); Injury prevention; Cognitive psychology; Forensic engineering; Engineering; Computer science; Operations management; Medicine; Epistemology; Medical emergency; Political science; Artificial intelligence; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003572676,0.0005400126,0.0006677805,0.001932185,0.003330288,0.01068695,0.0008900432,0.004006254,0.002189038],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007290699,0.0004740488,0.0005928614,0.0008986883,0.02973897,0.02152587,0.003867324,0.005110368,0.0003747915],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00294545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003538434,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003690833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004900767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971884,0.001180289,0.0001503679,0.0003315182,0.0008779329,0.0002716005],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9931713,0.003956898,0.000661173,0.0005073495,0.001060204,0.0006431347],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001789975,0.0002341013,0.01402536,0.0005152965,0.00006775777,0.001403364,0.09047571,0.0009522405,0.001901732,0.7287695,0.02724991,0.134226],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002450711,0.0001836666,0.01692091,0.0007344928,0.0000592412,0.002186082,0.06540346,0.001538847,0.0005966557,0.7556371,0.1565954,0.0001196138],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1721689,0.104473,0.04698853,0.5366835,0.01121503,0.00004104109,0.0001197817,0.0002067352,0.1281036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9336334,0.03211689,0.005656665,0.01341663,0.00622196,0.00003641455,0.00004145051,0.00005845437,0.008818076],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01068695,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02137083,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04357464773520468,"score_gpt":0.3829423147206296,"score_spread":0.3393676669854249,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}