{"id":"W1514936477","doi":"10.1038/npg.els.0003447","title":"Philosophy of Biological Classification","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Life Sciences","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003048083,0.0001641592,0.0003500213,0.0003714406,0.0001704743,0.00001308671,0.0007191903,0.0001056985,0.01094129],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001005231,0.0001209235,0.0001005599,0.0001469779,0.005623471,0.0001261791,0.00004569378,0.00009686536,0.00009494751],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009199354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000154779,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003480551,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001418092,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986415,0.00004440254,0.0003569985,0.0003443571,0.0004373597,0.0001754113],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990318,0.00006404571,0.0005748971,0.0002037497,0.00005027396,0.00007522312],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005340854,0.0001327489,0.0007621382,0.00007843503,0.00001397391,8.722297e-7,0.002219494,7.348621e-7,0.00003874616,0.6717998,0.3235836,0.001364186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006407646,0.0001912928,0.0001113517,0.000100758,0.000008821702,3.262717e-7,0.0005204684,0.000003977346,0.000003310334,0.01355475,0.9852815,0.0001593709],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004073496,0.002333444,0.000007273549,0.0004114367,0.001129971,0.0001227675,0.00007341215,0.00005706398,0.9954573],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1399871,0.008528727,0.001065329,0.0003410531,0.005502194,0.00002487506,0.00002486765,0.00009569142,0.8444301],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6616979,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970827,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.118554635940049,"score_gpt":0.2716322202226309,"score_spread":0.153077584282582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}