{"id":"W1516076197","doi":"10.1002/9781118354186.ch24","title":"Characterizing Novel Ecosystems: Challenges for Measurement","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Ecosystem; Environmental resource management; Data science; Computer science; Geography; Environmental science; Ecology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003416213,0.0002618498,0.000304875,0.00005155944,0.00005199583,0.00003741383,0.0003533039,0.0002307104,0.007697728],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001378963,0.0001971082,0.00009473744,0.00003758968,0.00003247863,0.00005051934,0.0001212405,0.00007112493,0.002086045],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000201192,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009469946,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009558857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006506337,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985109,0.00001535083,0.0002321507,0.0004997133,0.0004116575,0.0003302158],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992683,0.00001398371,0.0002191649,0.0003815498,0.000009241168,0.000107775],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008546232,0.0003139837,0.0003477182,0.002402417,0.0002581023,0.000002999996,0.0002971734,0.00002127936,0.04038215,0.01296728,0.917509,0.02548936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000193894,0.00003551305,0.0001473693,0.0003088378,0.00001266231,0.000003559907,0.00005285038,0.00351693,0.00007231889,0.00001595148,0.9953116,0.0003285346],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003602469,0.0007110024,0.004285749,0.0002872273,0.0006333033,0.001312917,0.00004548238,0.0001404987,0.9925478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.006805151,0.0006940937,0.002433619,0.0001016606,0.0002934509,0.0004484043,0.00001379317,0.0003722843,0.9888375],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07780258,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998691,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03213924392655272,"score_gpt":0.2160550685755442,"score_spread":0.1839158246489915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}