{"id":"W1519328188","doi":"10.22329/il.v26i3.456","title":"Whately on Arguments Involving Authority","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Informal Logic","topic":"Seventeenth-Century Political and Philosophical Thought","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Argument (complex analysis); Rhetoric; Epistemology; Sociology; Law; Philosophy; Political science; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007620146,0.0004788387,0.0005821757,0.001572541,0.006566364,0.00905538,0.0008996748,0.004873729,0.007348566],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02044133,0.0002607047,0.0006853483,0.001212234,0.01931699,0.01365376,0.00372287,0.007528887,0.001587616],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004318649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002668544,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002238617,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002018028,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9905493,0.006541304,0.0001997839,0.000653456,0.001327483,0.0007287225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.98411,0.01256569,0.0006067705,0.0007055638,0.001563716,0.0004482983],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007932584,0.000003779351,0.00003877622,0.00002039053,0.000002068399,0.00003115453,0.001561805,0.00004115953,0.00002120003,0.9917336,0.005182687,0.001355513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001815729,0.00001350693,0.000103676,0.0002564267,0.000008558714,0.00007156548,0.002066295,0.0001983665,0.0002168794,0.7665157,0.2305165,0.00001446492],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01842876,0.01847147,0.02558807,0.1958451,0.00262631,0.00004524866,0.00009756676,0.0000786044,0.7388189],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.805496,0.01068725,0.009444461,0.05128226,0.002724078,0.0001802114,0.00009384181,0.000316837,0.1197752],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00905538,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04029965,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1307698772028859,"score_gpt":0.2664980630822711,"score_spread":0.1357281858793852,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}