{"id":"W1520498874","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-92673-3_12","title":"Ontology and the Lexicon","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":174,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Lexicon; Ontology; Linguistics; Computer science; Domain (mathematical analysis); Object (grammar); Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Word (group theory); Limit (mathematics); Philosophy; Mathematics; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005475568,0.0006546439,0.0006145809,0.001959026,0.001401643,0.005376713,0.0009828265,0.001164372,0.01266254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001865761,0.0005541753,0.0005686707,0.00238124,0.005457484,0.01110513,0.001821564,0.002668289,0.005313278],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002135741,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002052099,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004311299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004964138,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995253,0.0001544413,0.00003768578,0.0001029035,0.0001422541,0.00003739896],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996897,0.0001437103,0.00001888419,0.00007314603,0.00005316921,0.00002144945],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005752509,0.000006656108,0.0000376844,0.00005964207,0.000004340611,0.00003216678,0.000247793,0.0001766327,0.0001753373,0.9380789,0.02042143,0.04075358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000279488,0.00000220372,0.00005352493,0.00005394988,0.000004428805,0.00008267854,0.00009372969,0.0004778024,0.0001257341,0.796276,0.2028224,0.000004877404],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004077213,0.04590649,0.1857229,0.01416464,0.001913177,0.00008394601,0.0007430913,0.0007392194,0.7466493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2316677,0.0536175,0.1929626,0.006488305,0.003087094,0.000463591,0.004176079,0.001194684,0.5063425],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01266254,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04236037,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01155903518346211,"score_gpt":0.2439750290200089,"score_spread":0.2324159938365468,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}