{"id":"W1520994673","doi":"10.1111/caje.12139","title":"Taxation and top incomes in Canada","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Capital income; Income elasticity of demand; Demographic economics; Labour economics; Elasticity (physics); Gross income; Capital (architecture); Income tax; Econometrics; International taxation; State income tax; Public economics; Tax reform; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007251,0.0001892428,0.0003971079,0.00224454,0.002437082,0.002381378,0.0005124449,0.0002246782,0.004781159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004426438,0.0001524841,0.0003772412,0.00512671,0.0007511299,0.000383716,0.0008914681,0.0006756529,0.0002713028],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03202043,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03166361,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.993728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9944107,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989458,0.00005615967,0.00002985802,0.00008844244,0.0004098529,0.0004698234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966536,0.0002543015,0.0005503537,0.0001178024,0.001792306,0.0006317669],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001111461,0.00003339601,0.946664,0.00006127476,0.0001146682,0.0001913154,0.001410263,0.005070092,0.0002125108,0.01140779,0.01006725,0.02465634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006420438,0.000006530694,0.9807668,0.00006544519,0.00002195435,0.00004268534,0.001206662,0.002109628,0.0002160611,0.001124606,0.01441152,0.00002168041],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9505773,0.001202018,0.000587481,0.002919578,0.00003823714,0.00002905451,0.0128822,0.00006012977,0.03170401],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939809,0.0003274852,0.0001774387,0.00008060732,0.000005745895,0.000003797812,0.001975689,0.000008975941,0.003439416],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03202043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2323256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1487507555299113,"score_gpt":0.1685347893606029,"score_spread":0.01978403383069163,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}