{"id":"W1521173244","doi":"10.1111/j.1540-5982.2008.00501.x","title":"The wage gap between Francophones and Anglophones: a Canadian perspective, 1970–2000","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Fell; French; Wage; Welfare; Demographic economics; Economics; Labour economics; Falling (accident); Perspective (graphical); Political science; Geography; Psychology; Market economy; Art","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001793284,0.0003885892,0.0009564661,0.000933499,0.00118196,0.0002648455,0.0007869218,0.0002843449,0.0002599889],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005853932,0.0004245767,0.0002835938,0.0003125092,0.0005022088,0.0004988243,0.00003206181,0.0006613868,0.00007490509],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004120759,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003828981,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9333199,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9980987,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967346,0.00007741502,0.001441283,0.0005473121,0.000003456446,0.001195999],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950129,0.0003498443,0.0009259853,0.0005921509,0.0002459687,0.00287316],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003174289,0.000007856783,0.1744748,0.0000148005,0.0002676515,0.0002846985,0.005072226,0.0002077911,9.260022e-7,0.8181918,0.0006794815,0.0007662846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00106448,0.0002461673,0.08374409,0.00004846619,0.00002708715,0.0007080673,0.001855519,0.0005295427,0.000007731763,0.8024887,0.1083994,0.0008807348],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9813548,0.003831246,0.00003708886,0.005763662,0.002031955,0.0002720784,0.001638453,0.000007475169,0.005063225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957985,0.001637257,0.0001849755,0.0006460553,0.0008332286,0.00001391136,0.00001544093,0.00007310489,0.0007975041],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1077199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998206,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1131513987004345,"score_gpt":0.1847263936116038,"score_spread":0.0715749949111693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}