{"id":"W1521956611","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1685905","title":"Decentralisation in Africa and Fiscal Competition: Evidence from Benin","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Université de Montréal; Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations; Université du Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; Fiscal federalism; Jurisdiction; Poverty; Economics; Democracy; Federalism; Competition (biology); Autonomy; Economic system; Political science; Development economics; Economic growth; Politics; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001117508,0.00006215079,0.00007990568,0.00003324414,0.0002401586,0.00009523216,0.0001238424,0.00007978627,0.0001474499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002348475,0.00005960056,0.00002397997,0.0001610197,0.00009128974,0.0005004515,0.00001329277,0.0007100412,0.0000102597],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004070654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005905895,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001435277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0684059,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998367,0.0001045528,0.0001593707,0.0001273924,0.00033614,0.0009055813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996672,0.0000959172,0.00008025848,0.00005593574,0.00003014041,0.00007051929],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004613789,0.00005193301,0.2185543,0.000001314687,0.00001014413,0.000003269097,0.005998992,0.00001417716,0.001221118,0.7591651,0.0001571733,0.0147764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001023716,0.000139861,0.2199287,0.0001072019,0.00002721815,0.00002069188,0.009139451,0.000371148,0.0002665986,0.7392112,0.02945756,0.0003067086],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9880882,0.001176173,0.004585205,0.00440634,0.000280432,0.00009370084,0.000001800736,0.00001506054,0.001353087],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894539,0.009832958,0.0001117041,0.00005103764,0.0002989755,0.000002147367,0.000002633766,0.000004258552,0.0002423511],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06697063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9485933,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0159059668795084,"score_gpt":0.2651677086087232,"score_spread":0.2492617417292148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}