{"id":"W1522266951","doi":"10.15376/biores.6.4.4824-4839","title":"Characterization of switchgrass char produced in torrefaction and pyrolysis conditions","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BioResources","topic":"Bioenergy crop production and management","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Université de Sherbrooke","keywords":"Biochar; Char; Pyrolysis; Heat of combustion; Torrefaction; Corn stover; Materials science; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Fermentation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002354465,0.0005031349,0.0002552618,0.0003920533,0.0002724781,0.0003562959,0.0001614748,0.0002487067,0.0008318143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001974702,0.000104834,0.0002817653,0.0006156854,0.0001529914,0.0003087996,0.0001524028,0.0003828583,0.0001890592],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002098955,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002799557,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001836033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003661774,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998124,0.00002349209,0.000008705149,0.00003901329,0.00007111657,0.00004529904],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998831,0.00001907375,0.00002470408,0.000009003108,0.0000424654,0.00002172572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005682596,0.000008151825,0.0003393652,0.00003478667,0.000005320341,0.00005006606,0.00001958399,0.00006660312,0.9986784,0.000008855104,0.000005768361,0.0007262088],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004992618,0.0002826654,0.01662088,0.000007549846,0.00002392655,0.0001561142,0.0001401557,0.0003730588,0.981199,0.0000195107,0.001161464,0.00001050809],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955782,0.0005200462,0.002770918,0.00001354936,0.00001186982,0.00001902056,0.0005553831,0.00002842744,0.0005025477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9906475,0.0009334318,0.004342874,0.00004623103,0.00000910818,0.00004177992,0.001919753,0.00005250271,0.002006736],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001836033,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003650725,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02378097566569468,"score_gpt":0.1892751228007255,"score_spread":0.1654941471350309,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}