{"id":"W1526697737","doi":"10.1002/nag.2085","title":"Diffuse instabilities with transition to localization in loose granular materials","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","topic":"Landslides and related hazards","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Instability; Mechanics; Material failure theory; Shearing (physics); Plasticity; Granular material; Bifurcation; Boundary value problem; Finite element method; Structural engineering; Materials science; Physics; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Nonlinear system; Engineering; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009779133,0.0001129415,0.000197562,0.0001164088,0.00005019587,0.0000594239,0.0001266461,0.00008306133,0.0003228916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001648147,0.00007639501,0.00004207508,0.0002175006,0.0000340044,0.0002474498,0.0000566599,0.0001584305,0.000006401512],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001607367,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007057339,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004576787,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008585012,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988412,0.0001267188,0.0003410442,0.0001584279,0.0002643046,0.0002683648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995576,0.000126034,0.00005340665,0.00005333796,0.00002667181,0.0001829117],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007628486,0.005273008,0.07724983,0.0001339799,0.0003809846,0.000247189,0.0108737,0.1889013,0.02480424,0.04941186,0.0005846836,0.6345107],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006639077,0.001270272,0.01240211,0.0003753622,0.0001421719,0.0006618368,0.001102834,0.8145943,0.007564336,0.1160166,0.03811721,0.001113863],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.216027,0.00004224096,0.7822332,0.001085486,0.0003953426,0.0001383971,0.00001037937,0.000006984017,0.00006090604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9479504,0.00008603266,0.05114942,0.0006219956,0.0001186908,0.0000155004,0.00000702216,0.00001379237,0.00003718994],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7319233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3535437,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.016699665786557,"score_gpt":0.3276023359033193,"score_spread":0.3109026701167623,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}