{"id":"W1531551212","doi":"","title":"Are Immigrants Positively or Negatively Selected? The Role of Immigrant Selection Criteria and Self-Selection","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Labor and Demography","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Statistics Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Unobservable; Selection (genetic algorithm); Immigration; Human capital; Earnings; Positive selection; Outcome (game theory); Economics; Country of origin; Demographic economics; Dimension (graph theory); Relevance (law); Core (optical fiber); Test (biology); Econometrics; Microeconomics; Business; Political science; Computer science; Marketing; Economic growth; Mathematics; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004704359,0.0002317832,0.0005401825,0.0009270881,0.0007254999,0.002106467,0.0003953526,0.0008046922,0.003118053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01865108,0.0001465606,0.0004583743,0.0006348433,0.002170529,0.0007456917,0.0009364872,0.0005571372,0.0003276268],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004898683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000574344,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002683698,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002993677,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981305,0.001188869,0.0000657375,0.0001527469,0.0001407601,0.0003214797],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9856101,0.008476118,0.00339966,0.0006559672,0.0005296316,0.001328494],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002873177,0.000133549,0.970463,0.00002786586,0.0001147559,0.0003162668,0.001620041,0.00125099,0.0003616483,0.007496743,0.0002706728,0.01765698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009367044,0.0005386841,0.9442548,0.00007896091,0.0001987862,0.0004441583,0.005660208,0.0190648,0.0005414272,0.02737543,0.001697177,0.00005210106],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969207,0.0001204671,0.0006440725,0.0005366783,0.00000795372,0.00001423832,0.00001788021,0.000003558915,0.001734488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994705,0.00003531034,0.00009568096,0.00004809448,0.0000101927,0.000006498125,0.00001113737,0.000001051769,0.0003214797],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004704359,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02487934,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006467942591187646,"score_gpt":0.2548348570986797,"score_spread":0.248366914507492,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}