{"id":"W1532375833","doi":"","title":"Discriminating Against Non-Citizens Under the Charter: Charkaoui and Section 15","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"European Criminal Justice and Data Protection","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Law; Constitution; Supreme court; Charter; Political science; Jurisdiction; Habeas corpus; Certificate; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002493619,0.000104728,0.00009187024,0.00006445961,0.00169337,0.0002240617,0.0001916216,0.00005464024,0.00001266368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008611555,0.00007642066,0.00005210146,0.0001559874,0.0001024887,0.0003982469,0.0000201952,0.001228871,0.00001735792],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003531433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004116277,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001513888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002678803,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980168,0.0002240568,0.0001702688,0.0001620507,0.0002776617,0.001149198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995794,0.00004863614,0.0001248513,0.0001022851,0.00006621792,0.0000785689],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009789839,0.000104088,0.0001732785,0.00001554557,0.00008736672,0.00001278634,0.01915415,0.00003226882,0.006361232,0.2986947,0.00109855,0.6741682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001749166,0.001726979,0.02023097,0.0002166484,0.0004338656,0.0008094198,0.6598242,0.0006896463,0.0003088191,0.2832403,0.02981157,0.0009584315],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9350432,0.001348192,0.02094929,0.01843469,0.0006367016,0.0003227637,0.000002485465,0.00008152331,0.02318112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889966,0.007293577,0.00002318687,0.0008239486,0.001644704,0.000002031577,0.000002567365,0.00000985882,0.001203484],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6732097,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996063,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01558264587468583,"score_gpt":0.278533431186759,"score_spread":0.2629507853120732,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}