{"id":"W1533036729","doi":"10.1007/s00224-013-9515-7","title":"Quotient Complexity of Closed Languages","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theory of Computing Systems","topic":"semigroups and automata theory","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Suffix; Concatenation (mathematics); Prefix; Closure (psychology); Regular language; Complement (music); Subsequence; Formal language; Abstract family of languages; Mathematics; Quotient; Computer science; Discrete mathematics; Transitive closure; Word (group theory); Combinatorics; Theoretical computer science; Algorithm; Automaton; Linguistics; Programming language","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001699195,0.0006749138,0.001434543,0.002188575,0.001780798,0.00602391,0.001924048,0.00114501,0.00910635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008268035,0.0004948904,0.001388275,0.00189536,0.004562197,0.01630747,0.00332341,0.003919006,0.0005316997],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003602619,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001149795,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00224263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001339143,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976497,0.0006245903,0.0001432817,0.0004355269,0.0008154596,0.0003313573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9925992,0.005041363,0.0003533943,0.0006538259,0.0007293176,0.0006228182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003711844,0.0000149038,0.0002420385,0.00002400284,0.000006457863,0.00003075361,0.0002606743,0.0009822876,0.00025551,0.9955984,0.0004324141,0.0021154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007987701,0.000004875739,0.0001015279,0.000003170991,0.000004726178,0.00002127999,0.00003510077,0.004811764,0.0001602015,0.9942075,0.0006367349,0.000005080285],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5508351,0.002960683,0.3051485,0.008036699,0.0003066286,0.00009697003,0.0009273144,0.0005535056,0.1311344],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9770799,0.0005510002,0.0103908,0.0002482936,0.0003157193,0.00008974211,0.0004616666,0.00008979776,0.01077293],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00910635,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03046376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02442731279508152,"score_gpt":0.2479190127007407,"score_spread":0.2234916999056592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}