{"id":"W1534691199","doi":"10.1002/nag.2153","title":"A high strain‐rate constitutive model for sand and its application in finite‐element analysis of tunnels subjected to blast","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","topic":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","field":"Engineering","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Constitutive equation; Viscoplasticity; Geotechnical engineering; Plasticity; Finite element method; Split-Hopkinson pressure bar; Strain rate; Critical state soil mechanics; Parametric statistics; Soil mechanics; Geology; Structural engineering; Engineering; Materials science; Soil water; Mathematics; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004411427,0.0004031294,0.0004346746,0.0006237719,0.0003912482,0.0007738711,0.0007448498,0.001010937,0.0009425778],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008475573,0.000408606,0.0005286922,0.0004926069,0.0006175387,0.0004827142,0.0003881991,0.0004772318,0.00026693],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005595378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00114684,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008469672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006870168,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998083,0.00004319801,0.00001470495,0.00002098696,0.0000910583,0.00002192382],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997758,0.0000840575,0.00003645138,0.00003024347,0.00005791938,0.00001549028],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009972687,0.00002784972,0.0004649388,0.00001728206,0.000004976949,0.00006850615,0.00003719546,0.9828471,0.007640293,0.005348714,0.0001258862,0.003407208],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002085693,0.000008586349,0.000158196,0.000003411634,0.000001755335,0.00002328296,0.000008314393,0.998198,0.0007585521,0.0003990661,0.0004347721,0.000004038678],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1743137,0.0003218197,0.8128547,0.0001780543,0.00005608661,0.0001202127,0.0002124827,0.0005151504,0.01142775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9193532,0.0004035771,0.07170473,0.00003704334,0.00001677437,0.0001599142,0.0001967168,0.00009706285,0.008031062],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008469672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01684076,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02686569138375787,"score_gpt":0.3435012430340279,"score_spread":0.31663555165027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}