{"id":"W1535641588","doi":"","title":"VOT drift in 3 generations of heritage language speakers in Toronto","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian acoustics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Ukrainian; Voice-onset time; Ethnic group; Heritage language; Linguistics; History; Psychology; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001457781,0.00007055741,0.0001231107,0.0001592634,0.00001866758,0.000004489476,0.0001791254,0.0001348166,0.003918482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004260806,0.00008142212,0.0000185006,0.0001438693,0.00007850954,0.00002465574,0.00001411378,0.0001618932,0.00005977899],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002383761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002457564,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8027729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.966397,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992127,0.00005628919,0.0001804991,0.0001429565,0.00005162498,0.0003559045],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994751,0.0000284978,0.00002313776,0.0002657232,0.00002655352,0.0001809754],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001502365,0.0007687914,0.3781978,0.00008448501,0.0001659148,0.004074405,0.3751885,0.0002256595,0.1574535,0.0255596,0.04588244,0.01224872],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004036272,0.00006612505,0.9903577,0.000008732556,0.000005217052,0.000006173384,0.008045367,0.0002517997,0.000187292,0.0001601508,0.0003921696,0.0001156334],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9251343,0.0005849203,0.00004864885,0.00005470643,0.0003003043,0.0001237193,0.0000992448,0.000004974053,0.07364919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978709,0.00003098013,0.0004342258,0.0001552311,0.00003978889,0.00001313047,0.00001502442,0.00001343333,0.001427266],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6121599,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9969921,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03695880434727775,"score_gpt":0.3188915441248798,"score_spread":0.281932739777602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}