{"id":"W1535877053","doi":"10.15185/izawol.159.v2","title":"Can immigrants ever earn as much as native workers?","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IZA World of Labor","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Vanderbilt University","keywords":"Immigration; Demographic economics; Labour economics; Political science; Economics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001574639,0.000301174,0.0004642883,0.0004452307,0.002110429,0.003441257,0.0005336984,0.002180573,0.009743572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006914092,0.0001795097,0.000266715,0.0006267793,0.001997153,0.005347023,0.001633813,0.002702889,0.00197547],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005250656,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001060849,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01017447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0186291,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993266,0.0002003944,0.00001593362,0.00007448223,0.00008590947,0.0002967258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980754,0.000387021,0.0003005404,0.0001114464,0.0003502359,0.0007753217],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007593369,0.0004375685,0.2218253,0.0004424447,0.0002804941,0.001482654,0.03495642,0.0001032367,0.0009197376,0.1261655,0.2581638,0.3544635],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007210127,0.0003488768,0.2050007,0.001692318,0.0002269462,0.001449988,0.1805242,0.0002199395,0.0007134889,0.08272199,0.5268798,0.0001496791],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3696433,0.01698361,0.0003096376,0.5149758,0.006189513,0.000006945783,0.0006300636,0.00003202479,0.09122912],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8944885,0.01250468,0.0002740642,0.04821785,0.002619798,0.00001959903,0.0004291633,0.0000366309,0.04140962],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01017447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03259552,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00890961209108121,"score_gpt":0.29527136441839,"score_spread":0.2863617523273088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}