{"id":"W1535877053","doi":"10.15185/izawol.159.v2","title":"Can immigrants ever earn as much as native workers?","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IZA World of Labor","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Vanderbilt University","keywords":"Immigration; Demographic economics; Labour economics; Political science; Economics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003381115,0.0001073252,0.0001845982,0.0001296113,0.000134872,0.00004365029,0.0002617998,0.00006990121,0.004235154],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000188422,0.000100295,0.00006354151,0.001060059,0.0001366194,0.0001453263,0.00002916076,0.0001396056,0.000490756],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007628394,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003949489,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01646209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2484429,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998704,0.0001477315,0.0001996525,0.000205711,0.0004731049,0.0002698522],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999136,0.0001366433,0.0001353811,0.0001928909,0.0002773125,0.0001218045],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00013138,0.0001861926,0.2879886,0.00002862511,0.000120561,0.00001266742,0.1207251,0.00007812597,0.0006295314,0.571767,0.01433102,0.004001183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001101706,0.0001091648,0.06731044,0.0001479028,0.00003674195,6.641158e-7,0.04620029,0.0001973844,0.001063319,0.007143981,0.8761814,0.0005070177],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8950675,0.0001077645,0.000002436721,0.00561261,0.0004019662,0.0002678706,0.0000379083,0.00004891301,0.0984531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8246038,0.00004911482,0.00009482903,0.001031871,0.00007696336,0.000005602637,0.00000727847,0.00001116725,0.1741194],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8618504,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9966751,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00890961209108121,"score_gpt":0.29527136441839,"score_spread":0.2863617523273088,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}