{"id":"W1536431930","doi":"","title":"Returns to Apprenticeship in Canada","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Apprenticeship; Work (physics); Labour economics; Census; Demographic economics; Economics; Business; Finance; Engineering; Geography; Demography; Sociology; Population","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000474955,0.0002519351,0.0004449607,0.001484759,0.002371347,0.001887615,0.001213984,0.0005368824,0.008271351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003104869,0.0001795042,0.0003709841,0.002306983,0.0008295762,0.0004130473,0.001303881,0.001510686,0.000764547],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0166986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02477062,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9884891,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9929985,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998602,0.00004611351,0.00003331157,0.0001210679,0.0003920117,0.0008055491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959436,0.0001715687,0.0004392586,0.00008631263,0.00104443,0.002314748],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000222722,0.0001455074,0.9393594,0.00003953498,0.00005190623,0.0006667582,0.002355487,0.001093602,0.0002879644,0.002659091,0.007957218,0.04516086],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007132329,0.00003752837,0.9909596,0.00002484435,0.000007191779,0.0001037955,0.00213014,0.0007657282,0.0001038592,0.0001530544,0.005692944,0.00001416378],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9862288,0.0007013673,0.00009778708,0.001438722,0.00003601096,0.00002108776,0.003586956,0.0000228434,0.007866392],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894922,0.0005127426,0.00005370681,0.0001027803,0.00001228637,0.000004067035,0.001884999,0.000009220507,0.007928002],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0166986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1211574,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03979451160275217,"score_gpt":0.2818034592846412,"score_spread":0.2420089476818891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}