{"id":"W1538905472","doi":"10.3386/w15057","title":"Measuring Discrimination in Education","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University","keywords":"Caste; Competition (biology); Quality (philosophy); Psychology; Political science; Law; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002827887,0.00003003911,0.00005723603,0.0003685749,0.0001352583,0.00003429905,0.0001772721,0.00005028065,0.0001414938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000519284,0.00003330427,0.00001918395,0.0002081385,0.00006864865,0.0004345647,0.000008668331,0.000133998,0.000076954],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006167273,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001107794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002333268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003989,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990172,0.00011298,0.000155904,0.0001100603,0.0004465028,0.0001572978],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994067,0.0001731715,0.00003652686,0.0000567546,0.0002863705,0.00004050277],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001629762,0.00007922934,0.01182349,0.000005376392,0.00000172973,7.570552e-8,0.002042352,0.0001619873,0.0002398971,0.9523573,0.003372955,0.0298993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002144703,0.00003846566,0.1534142,0.00004642722,8.191038e-7,2.667482e-7,0.002269949,0.000279644,0.000558947,0.8351368,0.007962919,0.00007710035],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3760597,0.0001415482,0.000001304512,0.006012552,0.0001199404,0.0001361037,7.639746e-7,0.000005890759,0.6175221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980232,0.0001628892,0.00008985188,0.00004995408,0.0004352019,0.00001249884,0.000009920483,0.000001891857,0.00121464],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6219634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3527219,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.410692983118324,"score_gpt":0.5463408365430602,"score_spread":0.1356478534247362,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}