{"id":"W1539020212","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1471427","title":"Understanding Productivity: A Primer","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Statistics Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Primer (cosmetics); Productivity; Business; Economics; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002713604,0.0001573737,0.0002939641,0.0002261851,0.0002621202,0.00009581288,0.0001994058,0.00007382352,0.00008983329],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006801265,0.0001796883,0.000132909,0.0001921386,0.00005755845,0.0004720715,0.00003014001,0.001065231,0.0003022766],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001834446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003553276,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003235783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005520224,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972789,0.00002415159,0.0004533533,0.0003948877,0.00003558317,0.001813153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993101,0.0000231083,0.0003514398,0.0002408002,0.0000178381,0.00005672359],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001584049,0.00006252324,0.07309369,0.000003966406,0.00005770528,0.000001028339,0.00002859991,0.00003335084,0.00004546999,0.9258006,0.0003839974,0.0004732314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004091688,0.00007982652,0.005021743,0.000003175166,0.000006176066,0.0001798744,0.000113832,0.00006405952,0.00008325293,0.9822665,0.01154731,0.0002250595],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7268087,0.01258069,0.1553854,0.006034856,0.001335404,0.0003088872,0.00001871123,0.00009842676,0.09742896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931956,0.0003767894,0.0001201749,0.00004504643,0.001019587,0.000004699134,0.000003730371,0.00002931055,0.005205068],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2663869,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7327476,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04682043105805132,"score_gpt":0.2074746983892115,"score_spread":0.1606542673311602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}