{"id":"W1539575729","doi":"","title":"The Usury Doctrine and Urban Public Finances in Late-Medieval Flanders: Annuities, Excise Taxes, and Income Transfers from the Poor to the Rich","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Usury; Flemish; Life annuity; Government (linguistics); Economic history; Economics; Political science; Law; History; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005450701,0.0003822393,0.0008944957,0.0003246082,0.0009186275,0.0004800972,0.001082821,0.0003947613,0.00003720428],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008835145,0.0002808681,0.0001402972,0.0002898453,0.0009830904,0.0001631579,0.0009961574,0.001736432,0.00001901157],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001267568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002099906,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006231758,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03583555,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964351,0.000199538,0.001208703,0.00104385,0.0001069724,0.001005834],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996354,0.002392995,0.0002632316,0.0007331275,0.00005006158,0.0002066226],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006689208,0.0002499534,0.595368,0.0001796013,0.0007494569,0.00004995365,0.04024937,0.001297201,0.000001424841,0.06571369,0.006505413,0.288967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001096146,0.0001275971,0.2084172,0.00008745997,0.000009058818,0.000001578577,0.00513258,0.001728668,0.000001071184,0.02566656,0.7570899,0.0006421661],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9348955,0.01984302,0.00001181823,0.015944,0.0008663437,0.001260586,0.0006117705,0.00002086743,0.02654617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8908499,0.1058551,0.00002961935,0.0004656822,0.0004637313,0.0002807539,0.00002454457,0.00004272189,0.001987898],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7505845,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999644,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05105930727219805,"score_gpt":0.2744174047601314,"score_spread":0.2233580974879333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}