{"id":"W1540311291","doi":"10.1002/9780470012505.tac039","title":"Collective Risk Theory","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Actuarial Science","topic":"Probability and Risk Models","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Ruin theory; Mathematics; Risk model; Aggregate (composite); Geometric distribution; Distribution (mathematics); Mathematical economics; Variety (cybernetics); First-hitting-time model; Upper and lower bounds; Asymptotic formula; Applied mathematics; Probability distribution; Combinatorics; Statistics; Mathematical analysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001696794,0.0007243697,0.0008244806,0.0009140091,0.0008505381,0.002549538,0.001033346,0.001568414,0.007226938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002933529,0.0002081648,0.0006832278,0.0007156422,0.002400848,0.001766382,0.001370921,0.00170231,0.0007676376],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00200647,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008078788,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00156581,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000623997,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989154,0.0003948119,0.00003771005,0.000168642,0.0003690592,0.0001143991],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985802,0.0006644651,0.0001911635,0.0001923521,0.0002589677,0.0001128404],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002458562,0.000005034596,0.000086858,0.00001374899,0.000008762866,0.0000261674,0.0000429777,0.01140919,0.00006028936,0.9837546,0.001692301,0.002897702],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003701286,0.000008486513,0.0001161559,0.00001488101,0.000004532706,0.00003219497,0.00002751131,0.03933081,0.00002928265,0.9537811,0.006646759,0.000004591269],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.04863643,0.007762871,0.6484447,0.009877853,0.0008424206,0.0000861412,0.0003201761,0.0001255872,0.283904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9101833,0.004197405,0.023356,0.0006238058,0.001363515,0.0001641741,0.0001808262,0.00005094789,0.05987997],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007226938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02417654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03167813794120118,"score_gpt":0.3342973098124737,"score_spread":0.3026191718712725,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}