{"id":"W1541869122","doi":"10.3386/w12640","title":"University Patenting: Estimating the Diminishing Breadth of Knowledge Diffusion and Consumption","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Diversity (politics); Knowledge flow; Consumption (sociology); Herfindahl index; Degree (music); Diffusion; Economics; Knowledge production; Business; Marketing; Political science; Sociology; Computer science; Knowledge management; Law; Social science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004375835,0.000279113,0.0004117819,0.003420525,0.0003134858,0.001298874,0.00084052,0.001096611,0.002140577],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02637946,0.0004227871,0.0008399396,0.003679787,0.0006396147,0.001340778,0.0008313258,0.0008444794,0.0003928879],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008571215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005069586,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02198021,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008884446,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999063,0.0004337908,0.00008270429,0.0002204337,0.00008895854,0.0001112079],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9730515,0.02009901,0.00391676,0.001799785,0.0005196944,0.0006132947],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002349646,0.0001963789,0.9538652,0.00004006788,0.0002020066,0.00008029331,0.0003971772,0.02073016,0.0003141641,0.002080571,0.0002649713,0.02159406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004519059,0.0002190887,0.755758,0.00002434636,0.0001163816,0.0002072113,0.0005884687,0.2367009,0.001113203,0.00388032,0.001307182,0.00003969558],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962287,0.0001014594,0.002447526,0.00005594313,0.000001392733,0.00002146116,0.000493946,0.00002008331,0.000629531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953883,0.00008943499,0.00327596,0.000009383067,0.000006452141,0.00002989786,0.0007539797,0.000004909438,0.0004417225],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02198021,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04370451,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1816242336797785,"score_gpt":0.389935638758548,"score_spread":0.2083114050787695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}