{"id":"W1545564034","doi":"10.3386/w8278","title":"Ownership and Use Taxes as Congestion Correcting Instruments","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"TRIPS architecture; Externality; Revenue; Economics; Congestion pricing; Excise; Tax revenue; Tax deferral; Car ownership; Microeconomics; Traffic congestion; Marginal cost; Public economics; Business; Public transport; Tax reform; Transport engineering; Finance; State income tax","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001237408,0.0006225404,0.0004877825,0.0006395296,0.0005338801,0.002537595,0.0007785503,0.0009396425,0.00917755],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006105606,0.0005066973,0.0009087221,0.0009695343,0.001585489,0.00372218,0.001535879,0.001405179,0.0003103187],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002234892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001902478,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00967594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01101874,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990913,0.0002764602,0.000024594,0.00007348052,0.0002417066,0.0002926539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979591,0.0006812628,0.0006619621,0.0002685175,0.0003109814,0.0001181749],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001822318,0.0002175462,0.01541203,0.0001636838,0.0000895616,0.0002978073,0.0002248962,0.2735978,0.00127538,0.6512385,0.002275212,0.05502533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002490563,0.0004409805,0.02688664,0.0002422867,0.000313339,0.000456319,0.0009415778,0.4852968,0.006335263,0.4450483,0.03367596,0.0001134644],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6890281,0.001351366,0.135006,0.002360455,0.000115092,0.0003003561,0.0007062095,0.0003283243,0.1708041],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9819673,0.0004804363,0.004661158,0.00006726939,0.0000215082,0.00004389795,0.00009545968,0.00002652711,0.0126365],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00967594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03070194,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.447699686332323,"score_gpt":0.5359663174201584,"score_spread":0.08826663108783545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}