{"id":"W1545564034","doi":"10.3386/w8278","title":"Ownership and Use Taxes as Congestion Correcting Instruments","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"TRIPS architecture; Externality; Revenue; Economics; Congestion pricing; Excise; Tax revenue; Tax deferral; Car ownership; Microeconomics; Traffic congestion; Marginal cost; Public economics; Business; Public transport; Tax reform; Transport engineering; Finance; State income tax","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00491439,0.0001140324,0.0002244471,0.000573125,0.0004279981,0.0001732093,0.0001653775,0.0003629806,0.0003479078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003851467,0.0001252361,0.0000504979,0.0002038836,0.0003656267,0.0004033317,0.00001971376,0.0004193725,0.00003449769],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009059153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003616775,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03447062,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005915108,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972892,0.0002710638,0.0004166723,0.0003302522,0.001422618,0.000270134],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967276,0.0011345,0.0003111078,0.00008882058,0.001621197,0.0001167245],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002878915,0.0001920126,0.4211406,0.0002920908,0.0004051833,0.0000183633,0.008376074,0.008540499,0.00002206123,0.4216936,0.08225148,0.05678016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002864388,0.0005139271,0.1245007,0.001963336,0.0001572973,0.00009815214,0.01214744,0.001913546,0.0001883943,0.2633069,0.5906084,0.001737445],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1657873,0.0002316828,0.00001535405,0.001004376,0.001148745,0.0006341374,0.0001420421,0.00005051831,0.8309858],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9539138,0.002962731,0.0002295159,0.00001536886,0.0005080748,0.00002827516,0.0006940903,0.00001936354,0.04162877],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7893571,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9719589,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.447699686332323,"score_gpt":0.5359663174201584,"score_spread":0.08826663108783545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}