{"id":"W1546897219","doi":"","title":"The Reform of Business Property Tax in Ontario: An Evaluation","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"TD Bank","keywords":"Property tax; Tax reform; Government (linguistics); Business; Welfare; Productivity; Ad valorem tax; Economics; Labour economics; Economic policy; Public economics; Economic growth; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001144021,0.0001495425,0.0004665924,0.00006704178,0.00009595282,0.00001529285,0.0005456844,0.0002424473,0.003044057],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002488355,0.0001417421,0.0001113197,0.00004242154,0.0001312995,0.0005583658,0.0003490401,0.0002346497,0.00002943163],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002378183,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001790566,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9751815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9674398,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990764,0.00003452715,0.0002978417,0.0003016743,0.00005223159,0.0002372741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985442,0.00001734241,0.0007157538,0.0005748352,0.00008448456,0.00006333961],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001672948,0.001955452,0.4294209,0.001436107,0.001037119,0.000005988083,0.1701539,0.003609908,0.00009074614,0.2830694,0.002570423,0.1049772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004882197,0.00003355192,0.984588,0.00004274098,0.00002195432,3.991705e-7,0.002474779,0.003583577,0.000004417505,0.005968105,0.00259309,0.0002011155],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6466897,0.0008642643,0.00007418513,0.0008044073,0.0004068392,0.0003761074,0.0000660446,0.000008582218,0.3507099],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958944,0.0001590163,0.0002852317,0.0000100179,0.00004421386,0.000001663619,0.00003703014,0.00001106616,0.003557406],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5551672,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978673,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06764126976631947,"score_gpt":0.2338271641965537,"score_spread":0.1661858944302342,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}