{"id":"W1549433436","doi":"10.22329/il.v35i2.4187","title":"Critical Thinking and Cognitive Bias","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Informal Logic","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Debiasing; Hindsight bias; Metacognition; Critical thinking; Cognitive bias; Focus (optics); Cognition; Psychology; Cognitive skill; Cognitive psychology; Confirmation bias; Epistemology; Social psychology; Mathematics education","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01168828,0.0004034054,0.000304862,0.002537847,0.00137702,0.00516344,0.0007039459,0.001880514,0.003353198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03916765,0.000178856,0.0002806,0.001082602,0.03137001,0.006132254,0.003874811,0.003612917,0.0002837689],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003678837,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003206132,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001114132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001057616,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9899133,0.006599371,0.000410477,0.0009835373,0.001577802,0.0005156039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.937426,0.05035937,0.005680142,0.002161251,0.002741398,0.001631783],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002415689,0.00004443522,0.003988789,0.000179437,0.00002069477,0.0001250567,0.01084621,0.000363938,0.0003700753,0.9467833,0.001968066,0.03528583],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001769697,0.00002899859,0.002192833,0.0002184048,0.000007788134,0.0001987262,0.002373934,0.0003482926,0.0004271145,0.9726387,0.02153198,0.00001558457],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2208248,0.04105185,0.1379984,0.1348533,0.001899676,0.0003036992,0.00009242039,0.0002704065,0.4627055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9681728,0.004684939,0.01529192,0.004835228,0.0005612651,0.0001549031,0.00001903567,0.00004285813,0.006237046],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01168828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06181425,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1383285710489191,"score_gpt":0.392739179971448,"score_spread":0.2544106089225289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}