{"id":"W1554221744","doi":"","title":"A longitudinal examination of english vowel learning by Mandarin speakers","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian acoustics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mandarin Chinese; Vowel; Longitudinal study; Linguistics; Psychology; Perception; Perspective (graphical); Language acquisition; Second language; Computer science; Speech recognition; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics education; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001138054,0.000252313,0.0002876705,0.001347916,0.001837084,0.0006759279,0.0004021309,0.0004991395,0.000841034],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002886707,0.0002534148,0.0002818658,0.000831485,0.000394846,0.0004835012,0.0008289175,0.0005009754,0.0002826662],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001467251,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00217079,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2378629,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.388689,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995021,0.0000925503,0.00002736084,0.000109394,0.0001267628,0.0001418621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973047,0.0003230392,0.0005832099,0.0001643659,0.001066864,0.0005577322],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002030386,0.0001889988,0.9813549,0.00001306453,0.00004113817,0.0001802407,0.006192403,0.00003610743,0.003336421,0.00005011189,0.0001837455,0.008219671],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000176179,0.0001900011,0.9972029,0.000003898075,0.000009265138,0.00008999409,0.001944997,0.00003656209,0.0002120022,0.000009990374,0.0002913449,0.000007251735],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994241,0.00008654226,0.00003431309,0.00002568937,0.000002021595,0.000005969025,0.0001301016,0.000002024133,0.0002892334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988819,0.00009229374,0.0001321467,0.00001991714,0.000003104451,0.00001289755,0.0003155794,0.000002177482,0.0005400269],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2378629,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4729567,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02066899538900151,"score_gpt":0.2804213081143897,"score_spread":0.2597523127253882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}