{"id":"W1554221744","doi":"","title":"A longitudinal examination of english vowel learning by Mandarin speakers","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian acoustics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mandarin Chinese; Vowel; Longitudinal study; Linguistics; Psychology; Perception; Perspective (graphical); Language acquisition; Second language; Computer science; Speech recognition; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics education; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003965961,0.00009718209,0.0001347887,0.0001960275,0.00009660213,0.00001883841,0.0001415488,0.0001660902,0.001748338],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007053076,0.0001136375,0.00002915666,0.0002137304,0.0001489223,0.0000219277,0.00001017362,0.0003502805,0.00007754837],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001208379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002437332,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01528434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006873363,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989299,0.0001502342,0.0001628384,0.000203568,0.0001215787,0.0004319495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991043,0.00009632454,0.0000529163,0.000202235,0.0002563441,0.0002878727],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001209054,0.0005255171,0.2401253,0.0002045025,0.0007756451,0.0007237731,0.1086157,0.001588285,0.05601268,0.01968205,0.5308225,0.04080324],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001017432,0.000328009,0.9115903,0.00001798828,0.00005352389,0.00002092312,0.002889144,0.0002656821,0.0006763113,0.0002498615,0.08255757,0.0003332844],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8991196,0.0003367763,0.0008693916,0.00003273492,0.0009525776,0.0001261594,0.00008448763,0.00001721923,0.09846107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925439,0.00002188498,0.0001142495,0.0000515732,0.00006874709,0.000007221292,0.0000335537,0.00001959197,0.007139326],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.671465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991642,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02066899538900151,"score_gpt":0.2804213081143897,"score_spread":0.2597523127253882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}