{"id":"W1554621693","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v4i2.153","title":"Differences Between Traditional and Distance Education Academic Performances: A Meta-Analytic Approach","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":294,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Percentile; Distance education; Meta-analysis; Confidence interval; Statistics; Standard deviation; Mathematics; Mathematics education; Inclusion (mineral); Psychology; Demography; Medicine; Internal medicine; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008837101,0.0000799399,0.0002957522,0.00009896849,0.0004102796,0.0001427829,0.0005921413,0.00004573575,0.0002158872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003236044,0.00005237611,0.00005151865,0.0004917287,0.0004096827,0.0003555825,0.00008957559,0.0007738363,0.0000026012],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007242766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000647616,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000300176,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000303629,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972373,0.001250704,0.0003159252,0.0002177804,0.0007713268,0.0002069898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982581,0.001212434,0.000150752,0.00008632668,0.0002120881,0.0000803562],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002924165,0.0001825173,0.3245955,0.001151165,0.000410699,0.000001224394,0.001288141,0.00002837145,0.000006707626,0.6144406,0.001196886,0.05666886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007986788,0.0001650753,0.06345781,0.005623805,0.0004925368,0.00001437764,0.05825335,0.0009481397,0.00002108525,0.04633414,0.8234775,0.0004135085],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5008612,0.2049567,0.001898721,0.05578398,0.0002199377,0.002877519,0.0001651581,0.00003831506,0.2331984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9522123,0.04639738,0.0003496149,0.00006310496,0.00007940966,0.00007607907,0.00009437737,0.00000376783,0.0007239022],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8222806,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3874081,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3005165037484829,"score_gpt":0.4880523442094397,"score_spread":0.1875358404609567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}