{"id":"W1558727349","doi":"10.1007/978-1-59745-385-1_1","title":"On Framing the Research Question and Choosing the Appropriate Research Design","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Methods in molecular biology","topic":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Clinical study design; Randomized controlled trial; Framing (construction); Psychological intervention; Internal validity; Research design; Medicine; Relevance (law); Clinical trial; Psychology; Management science; Computer science; Medical physics; Statistics; Surgery; Mathematics; Pathology; Political science; Engineering; Nursing","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"methods","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["metaresearch"],"domain":"methods","study_design":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"medium","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.7077676,0.0004785998,0.005586415,0.001745715,0.0008322638,0.0007170872,0.004346125,0.0006643513,0.0001842635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.3006246,0.000154716,0.001339131,0.005369955,0.00112353,0.00003432063,0.0008858186,0.003179393,0.0003881908],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001312207,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003267185,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004855126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004841204,"domain_scores_codex":[0.3381704,0.6486941,0.006514085,0.001983171,0.003839208,0.0007990176],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8123897,0.1769748,0.0024781,0.006700165,0.001337053,0.0001202061],"domain_codex":"methods","domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002915615,0.00001458144,0.000003314623,0.0002402486,0.0001001842,0.00001577759,0.0001734324,0.0000131763,0.00004425206,0.01693843,0.0009060026,0.9815477],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004381849,0.000088856,0.000004740442,0.00111477,0.00009640011,0.00007456836,0.0001102941,0.0008109524,0.00001313998,0.1413537,0.8561302,0.0001585834],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000003059372,0.5415185,0.4556057,0.0002270402,0.0001294398,0.001748585,0.000001354569,0.000001919987,0.000764392],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000002689632,0.7102774,0.2885588,0.00007325712,0.0000769313,0.0004273312,0.000003398925,0.00002613822,0.0005540022],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9813891,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991203,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.9446112429223799,"score_gpt":0.7534072237441117,"score_spread":0.1912040191782681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}