{"id":"W1561057973","doi":"10.1002/pds.2330","title":"When should case‐only designs be used for safety monitoring of medical products?","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","topic":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","field":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","cited_by":147,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Ministry of Health","funders":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","keywords":"Confounding; Medicine; Observational study; Crossover study; Causality (physics); Selection bias; Pharmacoepidemiology; Crossover; Cohort study; Residual; Outcome (game theory); Cohort; Statistics; Econometrics; Computer science; Algorithm; Artificial intelligence; Internal medicine; Pathology; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.6523675,0.002351522,0.00696782,0.004549112,0.002441733,0.006776667,0.007897938,0.009095466,0.00860973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.8185966,0.002307042,0.009775721,0.005142247,0.005705393,0.009533934,0.00474372,0.005084463,0.001390193],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004370158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008563722,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001099223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001150594,"domain_scores_codex":[0.1507593,0.7659526,0.04610939,0.01165854,0.02444298,0.001077195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.1165436,0.7128271,0.06843933,0.07174104,0.02887722,0.001571744],"domain_codex":"methods","domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":"methods","study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.02881388,0.002077999,0.0680555,0.08229511,0.04326627,0.0008228522,0.007859851,0.006345779,0.001963056,0.1745461,0.03270367,0.5512499],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02863447,0.03843538,0.05906116,0.118432,0.03147208,0.00193882,0.003906806,0.03923383,0.007535643,0.3533648,0.3167499,0.00123514],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.03814317,0.09105983,0.7440125,0.02025411,0.02059957,0.07403665,0.003542773,0.0009863066,0.007365109],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1712464,0.008379593,0.6630296,0.01538448,0.003118179,0.1364678,0.001203535,0.0002336653,0.0009368284],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3476325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4286928,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3282102323380323,"score_gpt":0.5101522614093926,"score_spread":0.1819420290713603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}