{"id":"W1561432596","doi":"10.1109/amicd.1996.569375","title":"A single-loop second-order ΔΣ frequency discriminator","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Discriminator; Delta-sigma modulation; Bandwidth (computing); Electronic engineering; Computer science; Radio frequency; BiCMOS; Loop (graph theory); Noise shaping; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Telecommunications; Transistor; Mathematics; Detector","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002833007,0.0003038966,0.0004164079,0.0004754422,0.0003511928,0.0006171948,0.001178918,0.0005595851,0.003470946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005076811,0.0002460573,0.0001920201,0.000302338,0.0002511161,0.0005594885,0.0003843892,0.0005928594,0.001402516],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000351962,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004288224,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003693858,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007557991,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995646,0.00002884725,0.00002012001,0.0001274276,0.000205986,0.00005298283],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996004,0.00007299498,0.0000615723,0.00005977339,0.0001572154,0.00004816844],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003721729,0.00009031864,0.00173257,0.0001975065,0.00003039747,0.0001925815,0.00009854259,0.003229782,0.7242057,0.003958354,0.001845229,0.2640469],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001271266,0.001272565,0.003527796,0.00004879611,0.0000750575,0.00330903,0.00003691742,0.1066504,0.8366495,0.001814184,0.04641352,0.00007508959],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1845676,0.001658506,0.7940946,0.0004179967,0.0005492825,0.0001907768,0.0004761509,0.005993393,0.0120516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7569416,0.0002851264,0.2286113,0.0003374791,0.000162531,0.00009252093,0.0003496685,0.00010557,0.01311423],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003470946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01161152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02737821490884332,"score_gpt":0.2156795168016224,"score_spread":0.1883013018927791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}