{"id":"W1562802782","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.260101","title":"Economic Information versus Quality Variation in Cross-Country Data","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Cross country; Data quality; Quality (philosophy); Geography; Econometrics; Economics; Demographic economics; Economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006181797,0.0001327658,0.0002726605,0.0002469301,0.0001337127,0.0002148762,0.0005366856,0.0001115447,0.0001763352],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002885775,0.0001670752,0.0000505842,0.0001388215,0.00003124252,0.0037632,0.00008506294,0.0009122567,0.0008422704],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00190382,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006012773,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00194051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005244819,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975362,0.0000302494,0.0009210672,0.0003064086,0.00003087873,0.00117523],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987314,0.00005323377,0.0006154376,0.0005218578,0.00001923497,0.00005882798],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002823247,0.00003647968,0.2710932,0.000005998526,0.00006504759,4.502776e-7,0.0001427341,0.0004748291,0.000002250834,0.7228129,0.00006898425,0.005014818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003276016,0.0001131221,0.3709911,0.000004042646,0.000005607593,0.00006464482,0.0001822413,0.003479115,0.000002586999,0.5782378,0.04328519,0.0003584591],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9762031,0.0012985,0.005519829,0.0006592416,0.001464611,0.0001221526,0.0001270858,0.00002153393,0.01458388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996116,0.002976037,0.00006924691,0.00008169881,0.000443501,0.000003766084,0.0001002713,0.00001114949,0.0001983339],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.144575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999357,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03817609216016711,"score_gpt":0.2814414299431939,"score_spread":0.2432653377830268,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}