{"id":"W1563360079","doi":"","title":"Standards of Proof and Standards of Judicial Review in European Commission Merger Law","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fordham international law journal","topic":"European and International Law Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Commission; Scrutiny; Political science; Law; Judicial review; Certainty; Legal certainty; Law and economics; Economics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004275189,0.0001038592,0.0002531721,0.00007948803,0.000254669,0.00003860722,0.0003302152,0.00002654993,0.001111111],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000747623,0.00008727126,0.0001019902,0.00009298814,0.0004372289,0.0003614201,0.00009914429,0.0002098072,0.000002524327],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002911472,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001782772,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000473207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005380985,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969758,0.0003041579,0.0006654329,0.0001243656,0.001771631,0.0001585467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977538,0.00007083609,0.0003698463,0.00007005386,0.001631593,0.0001038637],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001138663,0.000135574,0.0004846611,0.00006773862,0.00008587376,0.00001484002,0.001264541,0.00002702025,0.0001598158,0.9754015,0.0158548,0.006389826],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005193086,0.0000918693,0.0008303446,0.001521644,0.00001535073,0.00001561651,0.0002410974,0.00001736204,0.0003460743,0.001756154,0.9945507,0.00009445747],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004276417,0.005390347,0.00008457623,0.003697179,0.000442027,0.0001289858,0.0001912955,0.000008484296,0.9857807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894989,0.008405821,0.0003089459,0.0005424029,0.000547351,0.000001339501,0.000003701671,0.0000125758,0.0006790113],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9852225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999802,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02042486839151712,"score_gpt":0.3505525683050376,"score_spread":0.3301276999135204,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}