{"id":"W1564891415","doi":"10.2307/4107411","title":"Contending Issues in African Development. Advances, Challenges, and the Future","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines","topic":"Economic Growth and Development","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Development economics; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001218528,0.0003441096,0.0008333451,0.0006982145,0.0004748605,0.0001329879,0.001089796,0.00006868297,0.00000922718],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005449792,0.0002559026,0.00009978232,0.0006504568,0.0006360216,0.0006340337,0.0001310785,0.0003071626,0.0000036375],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000990568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003736685,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001393443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4631158,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975062,0.0001474112,0.0008613885,0.000406753,0.0001122767,0.0009659982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975479,0.0004089295,0.0004392138,0.0003436232,0.0003778166,0.0008825741],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004256239,0.00003932802,0.003541447,0.0002758064,0.0005412624,0.001352184,0.4417927,0.00004405092,0.000003943131,0.2565654,0.001373879,0.2944274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001921511,0.0001988385,0.01542401,0.0004307295,0.00003525263,0.0009445067,0.08270961,0.000245115,0.000006010722,0.01075285,0.8866615,0.0006700756],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1900533,0.7612643,0.0001887075,0.03746169,0.001548367,0.0004231492,0.000007606898,0.00003239825,0.009020536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9621478,0.02874352,0.00814634,0.0002630819,0.0003122683,0.00002986283,3.306234e-7,0.00002036025,0.0003364282],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8852876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999893,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03667188994985855,"score_gpt":0.2185802091588804,"score_spread":0.1819083192090218,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}