{"id":"W1565707308","doi":"10.1115/1.4031000","title":"Is the Lattice Boltzmann Method Applicable to Rarefied Gas Flows? Comprehensive Evaluation of the Higher-Order Models","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","topic":"Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Knudsen number; Lattice Boltzmann methods; Mach number; Mechanics; Statistical physics; Physics; Non-equilibrium thermodynamics; Choked flow; Boundary value problem; Supersonic speed; Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001375862,0.0002126996,0.0003749769,0.0001342595,0.00005931154,0.00003785106,0.0003800632,0.000074849,0.00001884513],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001786934,0.0001363829,0.00014429,0.0005520225,0.00001709564,0.00029345,0.0001034943,0.0003039474,0.00000918823],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002001612,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006359599,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000739918,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001223448,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979164,0.0000903289,0.0006136673,0.0001175316,0.001023888,0.0002381794],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997604,0.0003007038,0.0001242713,0.0003795775,0.001472118,0.000119335],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001293274,0.00001041454,0.0000211205,0.00003975329,0.0002077439,6.951411e-7,0.001678899,0.9844953,0.009049048,0.000409806,0.003142849,0.0009314279],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000844661,0.00003470577,0.000975929,0.00008114662,0.0002880995,0.00001763077,0.0003058977,0.9803867,0.00562128,0.0007599924,0.01051851,0.0001653939],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4434967,0.006025132,0.5423921,0.002126386,0.002237746,0.0008966109,0.00001388094,0.0001294264,0.002682032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9615041,0.00003736428,0.03774623,0.0002008074,0.0003489906,0.00002249,5.486881e-7,0.00005944046,0.00008002673],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5180074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5561532,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0843454612000533,"score_gpt":0.318545175518417,"score_spread":0.2341997143183637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}