{"id":"W1569059258","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14638404.v1","title":"Bilateralism, multilateralism, and the quest for global free trade","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Global trade and economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Bilateralism; Multilateralism; Free trade; Economics; International economics; Tariff; International trade; Liberalization; Political science; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002035428,0.0003263925,0.0005325092,0.0008160476,0.001300059,0.002785035,0.0007273022,0.001463716,0.01002774],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004857372,0.0002104247,0.0008674159,0.0007969125,0.00266741,0.004732008,0.00209176,0.00129105,0.0004899031],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002256438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001577264,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002600965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002406665,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991139,0.0003608658,0.00002368782,0.0001412201,0.0001649931,0.0001954029],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984876,0.0006176901,0.0004191033,0.0001531654,0.0001607955,0.0001615807],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007024588,0.00000698309,0.0002825988,0.00001228355,0.000007755568,0.00003769554,0.00005917246,0.009433086,0.0001161386,0.987656,0.0003070256,0.00207437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001164432,0.000006306031,0.0001671604,0.00001228305,0.000004322856,0.00002575562,0.00007569615,0.01149547,0.00006723925,0.9860832,0.002046455,0.000004468686],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3196827,0.001869774,0.3527358,0.01348764,0.0001465779,0.00008023302,0.0001907198,0.000117175,0.3116894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986958,0.0004567556,0.007479114,0.0002526284,0.00004033752,0.00003229541,0.00002981345,0.00001765775,0.004733344],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01002774,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03354615,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05301704502386057,"score_gpt":0.2227187442012129,"score_spread":0.1697016991773523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}