{"id":"W1569368807","doi":"10.1086/341841","title":"Model Selection, Simplicity, and Scientific Inference","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of Science","topic":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Akaike information criterion; Simplicity; Inverse-square law; Inference; Statistical inference; Statistic; Ideal (ethics); Computer science; Selection (genetic algorithm); Argument (complex analysis); Causal inference; Scientific theory; Statistical theory; Econometrics; Mathematics; Epistemology; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Statistics; Gravitation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004728207,0.00008007164,0.0002196599,0.0004144433,0.0004280334,0.0001410581,0.0002995874,0.00002204421,0.0002022765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009724309,0.00008721254,0.00004633193,0.001299903,0.001205167,0.0004756619,0.0001148706,0.00005190235,0.00007543478],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000279005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001317375,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001327024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001360408,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998942,0.00000285181,0.0003427876,0.0004271312,0.00008697392,0.0001982472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993499,0.00001670758,0.0002004622,0.000238365,0.0001075095,0.00008703576],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[8.897034e-7,0.00003949578,0.01875622,0.00001918188,0.000006653062,1.003904e-7,0.0003578834,0.0007575921,0.0009455406,0.9785237,0.0001202043,0.000472495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009022273,0.00003324281,0.004559893,0.000008643593,0.000002852513,0.000002218727,0.00001237779,0.6712286,0.0001293588,0.3227111,0.001087722,0.0001338021],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.874158,0.002211366,0.007401654,0.001450798,0.000231604,0.0001735931,0.00006596275,0.00004575524,0.1142612],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980119,0.00002586773,0.001081158,0.00002929657,0.00002844069,0.000003245705,3.655189e-7,0.000004163179,0.0008155459],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.670471,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4440487,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1001901924433626,"score_gpt":0.2413123164507214,"score_spread":0.1411221240073588,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}